POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Course Objective: Objective of the course is to introduce various advancements in the distribution systems

       

Syllabus:

Power System: General Concepts – Distribution of power – Management – systems study - Loads and Energy Forecasting: Power loads – Area Preliminary survey load forecasting – Regression analysis – Correlation analysis – Analysis of time series – Factors in power system loading – Technological forecasting – Sources of error

Planning, Design and Operation methodology: System calculations, Network elements – Distribution load flow: Radial systems, distribution systems with loops – fault studies – effect of abnormal loads, Voltage control – line circuits – harmonics- urban distribution – load variations – Ferro resonance – system losses – Energy management

Distribution automation: Distribution automation – Definitions – Project Planning – Communication, Sensors, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), Consumer Information systems (CIS), Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

Optimization of distribution systems: Introduction, Costing of Schemes, Typical network configurations – Long and Short term planning, network cost modelling, voltage levels – Synthesis of optimum line networks –Application of linear programming to network synthesis – Optimum Phase sequence – Economic loading of distribution transformers- Worst case loading of distribution transformers - System Reliability: Introduction – Definition – Failure – Probability Concepts – limitation of distribution systems- Power quality variations –Reliability Measurement- Power supply quality survey – Reliability aids - Consumer Services: Supply industry – Natural monopoly – Regulations – Standards – Consumer load requirements – Cost of Supply – load management – theft of power – Energy metering - Tariffs: Costing and Pricing, Classification of Tariffs - Grounding: Grounding system, Earth and Safety Earthing Schemes – Earth Testing

Overhead and Under Ground lines: Choice of system, Optimum design considerations – Design and construction of overhead lines – Underground System – Determination of cable rating – Stress grading – Thermo mechanical effects on cable systems – Causes of failure – Selection of cables – Systems fault location - System Over voltages: Causes – lightning – Protective Devices – Travelling waves – Protection schemes - Rural Supply: Rural system, Reliability – Faults and protection – fault locating – auto reclosers – Determination of rating of Induction motors

Power Capacitors: Reactive power – Series and shunt capacitors – system harmonics – HT shunt capacitor installation requirements – size of capacitors for power factor improvement – LT capacitors – Guide for operation of shunt capacitor

Insulation measurements: Insulation supervision, Insulation measurements: Destructive and Nondestructive tests – Transformer oil testing - System Protection: Time-current Characteristics – Fuses – Circuit Breakers – Additional Protection Equipment – Protective Relaying – Instrument Transformers – Unit Protection - System Maintenance: Successful Maintenance –Failures and Maintenance – Porcelain Insulator –Transformer oil maintenance – Transformer drying – Lighting systems - Electrical Services for Buildings: Standards, Electrical Installations – Consumer Power Supply arrangements- Switch gears – load estimation – Lighting design – Road lighting – Flood lighting – Automatic Fire alarm systems – Electrical Call bell services – Lightning protection

Text Book:

1.     ‘Electrical Power Distribution Systems’

–         A.S.Prabla

–         4^th Edn, TMH, 1997

References:

1.     ‘Electrical Power Distribution Engineering’

–         Turan Gonen

–         McGraw Hill, 1986

2.     ‘Transmission and Distribution Electrical Engineering’

–         Colin Bayliss

–         Butterworth Heinemann, 1996